M yanayi da gazawar yanayin gazawar kayan aikin lantarki

A cikin wannan takarda, an yi nazarin yanayin gazawar da hanyoyin gazawar kayan aikin lantarki kuma an ba da mahalli masu mahimmanci don samar da wasu bayanai game da ƙirar samfuran lantarki.
1. Yanayin gazawar abubuwan al'ada
Serial number
Sunan bangaren lantarki
Hanyoyin gazawar da ke da alaƙa da muhalli
Damuwar muhalli

1. Electromechanical sassa
Jijjiga yana haifar da karyewar gaji da sassauta igiyoyi.
Jijjiga, girgiza

2. Semiconductor microwave na'urorin
Babban zafin jiki da girgizar zafin jiki yana haifar da lalatawa a mahaɗin tsakanin kayan kunshin da guntu, da kuma tsakanin kayan fakitin da guntu mai ɗaukar guntu na injin lantarki mai lullube da filastik.
Babban zafin jiki, girgiza zafin jiki

3. Hybrid hadedde da'irori
Shock yana kaiwa ga fashewar yumbura, girgiza zafin jiki yana kaiwa ga fashewar wutar lantarki ta capacitor, hawan zafin jiki yana haifar da gazawar solder.
Shock, yanayin zafi

4. Na'urori masu hankali da Haɗin kai
Rushewar thermal, gazawar siyar da guntu, gazawar haɗin kai na gubar, girgiza da ke haifar da fashewar Layer.
Babban zafin jiki, girgiza, girgiza

5. Resistive sassa
Core substrate rupture, resistive film karye, gubar breakage
Shock, high da low zafin jiki

6. Da'irar matakin allo
Fasasshen haɗin gwiwa, ramukan tagulla da suka karye.
Babban zafin jiki

7. Wutar lantarki
Karaya mai zafi waya.
Jijjiga
2, nazarin tsarin gazawa na al'ada
Yanayin gazawar abubuwan haɗin lantarki ba ɗaya ba ne, kawai yanki ne kawai na wakilci na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jurewar yanayi, don samun ƙarin ƙarshe.
2.1 Electromechanical sassa
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na lantarki sun haɗa da masu haɗa wutar lantarki, relays, da sauransu. Yanayin gazawar ana nazarin zurfafa tare da tsarin nau'ikan sassa biyu bi da bi.

1) Masu haɗa wutar lantarki
Mai haɗa wutar lantarki ta harsashi, insulator da jikin lamba na raka'a na asali guda uku, yanayin gazawar an taƙaita shi a cikin gazawar lamba, gazawar insulation da gazawar inji na nau'ikan gazawar guda uku.Babban nau'i na gazawar mai haɗin lantarki don gazawar lamba, gazawar aikinsa: lamba akan hutun gaggawa da juriya na lamba yana ƙaruwa.Don masu haɗa wutar lantarki, saboda kasancewar juriya na lamba da juriya na kayan aiki, lokacin da akwai kwararar yau da kullun ta hanyar haɗin wutar lantarki, juriya na lamba da juriya na kayan ƙarfe zai haifar da zafi na Joule, zafi na Joule zai ƙara zafi, yana haifar da karuwa a cikin zafin jiki na wurin tuntuɓar, maɗaukakiyar zafin yanayin lamba zai sa fuskar lamba ta laushin ƙarfe, narkewa ko ma tafasa, amma kuma yana ƙara juriya na lamba, don haka haifar da gazawar lamba..A cikin rawar yanayin yanayin zafi mai zafi, sassan tuntuɓar za su kuma bayyana wani abu mai raɗaɗi, yana sanya matsin lamba tsakanin sassan lamba yana raguwa.Lokacin da aka rage matsin lamba zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, juriya na lamba zai ƙaru sosai, kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da mummunar hulɗar lantarki, yana haifar da gazawar lamba.

A gefe guda, mai haɗa wutar lantarki a cikin ajiya, sufuri da aiki, zai kasance ƙarƙashin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na rawar jiki da kuma tasirin tasiri, lokacin da motsin motsin motsin motsi na waje da masu haɗin wutar lantarki kusa da mitar da ke ciki, za su sa mai haɗa wutar lantarki ya yi sauti. sabon abu, sakamakon da rata tsakanin lamba guda ya zama ya fi girma, da rata yana ƙaruwa zuwa wani matsayi, lamba lamba zai bace nan take, haifar da lantarki lamba "nan take break".A cikin rawar jiki, nauyin girgiza, mai haɗa wutar lantarki zai haifar da damuwa na ciki, lokacin da damuwa ya wuce ƙarfin samar da kayan aiki, zai haifar da lalacewa da raguwa;a cikin rawar wannan danniya na dogon lokaci, kayan kuma zai haifar da lalacewar gajiya, kuma a ƙarshe ya haifar da gazawa.

2) Relay
Relays na lantarki gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi muryoyi, coils, armatures, lambobin sadarwa, reeds da sauransu.Matukar an ƙara wani ɗan wutan lantarki zuwa ƙarshen nada biyu, wani ɗan lokaci zai gudana a cikin nada, don haka yana haifar da tasirin lantarki, armature zai shawo kan ƙarfin lantarki na jan hankali don komawa cikin bazara ya ja zuwa ainihin, wanda ke haifar da tasirin electromagnetic. bi da bi yana fitar da lambobi masu motsi na sulke da lambobi a tsaye (yawanci buɗe lambobi) don rufewa.Lokacin da aka kashe coil ɗin, ƙarfin tsotsawar lantarki shima yana ɓacewa, armature zai dawo zuwa matsayin asali ƙarƙashin ƙarfin amsawar bazara, ta yadda lambar motsi da ainihin madaidaicin lamba (kullum rufaffiyar lamba) tsotsa.Wannan tsotsa da saki, don haka cimma manufar gudanarwa da yanke a cikin kewaye.
Babban hanyoyin gabaɗayan gazawar relays na lantarki sune: gudun ba da sanda a kullum buɗewa, rufaffiyar gudun ba da sanda kullum, aikin bazara mai ƙarfi bai cika buƙatu ba, rufewar lamba bayan sigogin lantarki na relay sun wuce matalauta.Saboda ƙarancin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na lantarki, yawancin gazawar wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin samarwa don sanya ingancin haɗarin ɓoyayyiya, kamar lokacin taimako na damuwa na inji ya yi gajeru da yawa wanda ke haifar da tsarin injin bayan gyare-gyaren sassa na ɓarna, ragowar cirewar ba ta ƙarewa ba. sakamakon gwajin PIND ya gaza ko ma gazawa, gwajin masana'anta da amfani da na'urar ba ta da ƙarfi ta yadda gazawar na'urar ta yi amfani da ita, da dai sauransu. Yanayin tasirin yana iya haifar da nakasar filastik na lambobin ƙarfe, yana haifar da gazawar relay.A cikin ƙirar kayan aikin da ke ɗauke da relays, ya zama dole a mayar da hankali kan daidaitawar yanayin tasiri don yin la'akari.

2.2 Semiconductor microwave abubuwan
Microwave semiconductor na'urorin abubuwa ne da aka yi da Ge, Si da III ~ V kayan aikin semiconductor waɗanda ke aiki a cikin rukunin microwave.Ana amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin lantarki kamar radar, tsarin yaƙin lantarki da tsarin sadarwar microwave.Marubucin na'ura mai hankali na Microwave baya ga samar da haɗin wutar lantarki da kariyar injina da sinadarai don cibiya da fil, ƙira da zaɓin mahalli ya kamata kuma suyi la'akari da tasirin sifofin parasitic na gidaje akan halayen watsawar microwave na na'urar.Gidajen microwave shima wani bangare ne na kewayawa, wanda shi kansa ya zama cikakken shigarwa da kewaye.Sabili da haka, siffar da tsarin gidaje, girman, dielectric abu, tsarin gudanarwa, da dai sauransu ya kamata ya dace da halayen microwave na abubuwan da ke tattare da aikace-aikacen kewayawa.Wadannan dalilai suna ƙayyade sigogi irin su capacitance, juriya na gubar lantarki, rashin daidaituwa na halayyar, da kuma madugu da asarar dielectric na gidan bututu.

Hanyoyin gazawar muhalli da suka dace da muhalli da kuma hanyoyin abubuwan da ke tattare da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta microwave galibi sun haɗa da nutsewar karfen ƙofar da lalata kaddarorin masu tsayayya.Ƙofar ƙwanƙwasa ta samo asali ne saboda haɓakar haɓakar ƙarfen ƙofar (Au) cikin GaAs, don haka wannan tsarin gazawar yana faruwa ne musamman yayin haɓakar gwaje-gwajen rayuwa ko aiki mai tsananin zafi.Matsakaicin yaɗuwar ƙarfen ƙofar (Au) zuwa GaAs aiki ne na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima na kayan ƙarfe na ƙofar, zafin jiki, da gradient na abu.Don ingantacciyar tsarin lattice, aikin na'urar ba ya shafar jinkirin watsawa a yanayin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, duk da haka, ƙimar watsawa na iya zama mahimmanci lokacin da iyakokin barbashi suna da girma ko kuma akwai lahani da yawa.Resistors ana amfani da su a cikin na'urorin haɗakarwa na monolithic na microwave don da'irori na amsawa, saita yanayin son rai na na'urori masu aiki, keɓewa, haɗawar wutar lantarki ko ƙarshen haɗin gwiwa, akwai sifofi biyu na juriya: juriya na fim ɗin ƙarfe (TaN, NiCr) da ƙarancin doped GaAs. bakin ciki juriya.Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa lalacewar juriyar NiCr da zafi ke haifarwa shine babban tsarin gazawarsa.

2.3 Haɗe-haɗe da da'irori
Traditional matasan hadedde da'irori, bisa ga substrate surface na lokacin farin ciki film shiryarwa tef, bakin ciki film shiryarwa tef tsari ne zuwa kashi biyu Categories lokacin farin ciki film matasan hadedde da'irori da bakin ciki film matasan hadedde da'irori: wasu kananan buga kewaye hukumar (PCB) kewaye, saboda da buga kewaye ne a cikin nau'i na fim a cikin lebur jirgin surface don samar da wani conductive juna, kuma classified a matsayin matasan hadedde da'irori.Tare da fitowar abubuwan haɗin guntu da yawa wannan ci-gaba na haɗaɗɗen da'ira, tsarin sa na musamman na tsarin wiring multi-Layer da fasaha ta hanyar rami-rami, ya sanya abubuwan da aka gyara su zama haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira a cikin tsarin haɗin haɗin kai mai girma daidai da abin da ake amfani da shi. a Multi-chip aka gyara da kuma hada da: bakin ciki film multilayer, lokacin farin ciki film multilayer, high-zazzabi co-kore, low-zazzabi co-kore, silicon-based, PCB multilayer substrate, da dai sauransu.

Hybrid hadedde kewaye danniya yanayi gazawar yanayi yafi sun hada da lantarki bude kewaye gazawar lalacewa ta hanyar substrate fatattaka da waldi gazawar tsakanin aka gyara da lokacin farin ciki film conductors, aka gyara da bakin ciki film conductors, substrate da kuma gidaje.Tasirin injina daga faɗuwar samfur, girgiza thermal daga aikin siyarwa, ƙarin damuwa da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa na tsarin warpage, damuwa na gefe daga rashin daidaituwa na thermal tsakanin substrate da gidaje na ƙarfe da kayan haɗin gwiwa, damuwa na inji ko damuwa mai zafi wanda ya haifar da lahani na ciki na substrate, yuwuwar lalacewa. lalacewa ta hanyar hakowa da substrate yankan gida micro fasa, ƙarshe haifar da waje damuwa inji fiye da na halitta inji ƙarfi na yumbu substrate cewa sakamakon shi ne kasawa.

Sifofin solder suna da sauƙi ga maimaita hawan hawan zafin jiki, wanda zai iya haifar da gajiyar zafi na Layer solder, yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da ƙara ƙarfin zafi.Domin tin-tushen aji na ductile solder, da rawar da zazzabi cyclic danniya take kaiwa zuwa thermal gajiya na solder Layer ne saboda thermal fadada coefficient na biyu Tsarin da aka haɗa da solder ne m, shi ne solder nakasawa ko karfi nakasawa, bayan akai-akai, da solder Layer tare da gajiya fashe fadada da kuma tsawo, a ƙarshe ya kai ga gajiya gazawar na solder Layer.
2.4 Na'urori masu hankali da haɗin kai
Semiconductor discrete na'urorin sun kasu kashi diodes, bipolar transistor, MOS filin sakamako bututu, thyristors da keɓaɓɓen kofa bipolar transistor ta manyan rukunai.Haɗaɗɗen da'irori suna da aikace-aikace iri-iri kuma ana iya raba su zuwa rukuni uku gwargwadon ayyukansu, wato na'urorin haɗaɗɗiyar dijital, haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗiyar analog da gauraye na dijital-analog hadedde.

1) Na'urori masu hankali
Na'urori masu hankali suna da nau'ikan daban-daban kuma suna da ƙayyadaddun nasu saboda ayyukansu da tafiyar matakai daban-daban, tare da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin gazawar aiki.Koyaya, a matsayin na'urori na yau da kullun da aka kirkira ta hanyar hanyoyin semiconductor, akwai wasu kamanceceniya a cikin ilimin kimiyyar gazawarsu.Babban gazawar da ke da alaƙa da injiniyoyi na waje da yanayin yanayi sune rugujewar yanayin zafi, tsautsayi mai ƙarfi, gazawar siyar da guntu da gazawar haɗin kai na ciki.

Rushewar thermal: Rushewar yanayin zafi ko rushewar sakandare shine babban tsarin gazawar da ke shafar abubuwan wutar lantarki na semiconductor, kuma yawancin lalacewa yayin amfani yana da alaƙa da abin fashewa na biyu.Rushewar sakandare ta kasu zuwa gaba da ɓarna na biyu da kuma juyar da ɓarna na biyu.Na farko dai yana da alaka ne da abubuwan da na’urar ke da ita, kamar yadda na’urar ke dauke da sinadarin kara kuzari, maida hankali cikin jiki, da dai sauransu, yayin da na biyun yana da alaka da yawaitar dusar kankara na dillalai a yankin cajin sararin samaniya (kamar kusa da mai tarawa), duka biyun. wanda ko da yaushe yana tare da maida hankali na halin yanzu a cikin na'urar.A cikin aikace-aikacen irin waɗannan abubuwan, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga kariya ta thermal da zafi mai zafi.

Dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi: Yayin rufewar ƙarfi saboda ƙarfin waje ko na ciki, abin da ke faruwa a halin yanzu na ionization na haɗuwa da ke faruwa a cikin na'urar wanda ke tasiri ta hanyar tattarawar jigilar kaya kyauta yana haifar da tsauri mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin na'urorin bipolar, diodes da IGBTs.

gazawar siyar da guntu: Babban dalili shi ne cewa guntu da mai siyar kayan aiki daban-daban ne tare da ma'auni daban-daban na faɗaɗa thermal, don haka akwai rashin daidaituwa na thermal a yanayin zafi.Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar ɓoyayyen solder yana ƙara ƙarfin juriya na na'urar, yana sa zafin zafi ya yi muni kuma ya haifar da wurare masu zafi a cikin yanki, yana ƙara yawan zafin jiki da kuma haifar da gazawar da ke da alaka da zafin jiki kamar electromigration.

Inner gubar bonding gazawar: yafi lalata lalacewa a bonding batu, jawo ta da lalata na aluminum lalacewa ta hanyar aikin ruwa tururi, chlorine abubuwa, da dai sauransu a cikin wani zafi da kuma m gishiri fesa muhallin.Karaya mai rauni na jagororin haɗin gwiwar aluminium wanda ya haifar da zagayowar zafin jiki ko girgiza.IGBT a cikin kunshin module yana da girma a girman, kuma idan an shigar da shi ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, yana da sauƙi don haifar da ƙaddamar da damuwa, yana haifar da raunin gajiya na ciki na ciki na module.

2) Hadaddiyar da'ira
Tsarin gazawar haɗaɗɗun da'irori da kuma amfani da yanayin yana da alaƙa mai girma, danshi a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano, lalacewar da aka samu ta hanyar tsayayyen wutar lantarki ko hawan wutar lantarki, yin amfani da rubutu da yawa da yin amfani da haɗaɗɗun da'irori a cikin yanayin radiation ba tare da radiation ba. ƙarfafa juriya kuma na iya haifar da gazawar na'urar.

Hanyoyin hulɗar da ke da alaƙa da aluminum: A cikin na'urorin lantarki tare da kayan da aka yi da silicon, SiO2 Layer a matsayin fim din dielectric ana amfani da shi sosai, kuma ana amfani da aluminum sau da yawa azaman abu don layin haɗin kai, SiO2 da aluminum a yanayin zafi mai zafi zai zama halayen sinadaran, don haka Layer aluminum ya zama bakin ciki, idan SiO2 Layer ya ƙare saboda amfani da amsawa, zai haifar da hulɗar kai tsaye tsakanin aluminum da silicon.Bugu da ƙari, wayar gubar gwal da layin haɗin gwiwar aluminum ko wayar haɗin gwiwar aluminum da haɗin haɗin gwal ɗin dalma na harsashi na bututu, za su samar da lambar sadarwa ta Au-Al.Saboda da daban-daban sinadaran yuwuwar wadannan karafa biyu, bayan dogon lokacin amfani ko ajiya a high zafin jiki sama da 200 ℃ zai samar da iri-iri na intermetallic mahadi, kuma saboda su lattice akai-akai da thermal fadada coefficients ne daban-daban, a cikin bonding batu a cikin. babban danniya, ƙaddamarwa ya zama ƙananan.

Karfe lalata: Layin haɗin aluminum a kan guntu yana da sauƙi ga lalata ta tururin ruwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi da ɗanɗano.Sakamakon farashin da aka samu da kuma samar da taro mai sauƙi, yawancin da'irori da aka haɗa suna lullube da guduro, duk da haka, tururin ruwa na iya wucewa ta cikin guduro don isa haɗin haɗin aluminum, da ƙazanta da aka kawo daga waje ko narkar da su a cikin aikin guduro tare da aluminum na ƙarfe don haifar da lalacewa. lalata haɗin haɗin gwiwar aluminum.

Tasirin delamination da tururin ruwa ya haifar: filastik IC shine haɗaɗɗun da'ira wanda aka lulluɓe da filastik da sauran kayan aikin polymer resin, ban da tasirin lalata tsakanin kayan filastik da firam ɗin ƙarfe da guntu (wanda aka fi sani da tasirin "popcorn"). saboda kayan resin yana da sifofin adsorption na tururin ruwa, tasirin delamination da ke haifar da tallar tururin ruwa shima zai sa na'urar ta gaza..Hanyar gazawa ita ce saurin faɗaɗa ruwa a cikin abin rufe filastik a yanayin zafi mai zafi, ta yadda rabuwa tsakanin filastik da abin da aka makala na sauran kayan, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, jikin filastik filastik zai fashe.

2.5 Capacitive resistive aka gyara
1) Resistors
Nau'in resistors na yau da kullun ba na iska ba za'a iya raba nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan da ake amfani da su a jikin resistor, wato nau'in alloy, nau'in fim, nau'in fim mai kauri da nau'in roba.Don tsayayyen resistors, manyan hanyoyin gazawar su ne buɗaɗɗen kewayawa, drift siga na lantarki, da sauransu;yayin da potentiometers, manyan hanyoyin gazawar su ne buɗewar kewayawa, ƙwanƙwasa siginar lantarki, ƙara ƙarar hayaniya, da sauransu. Hakanan yanayin amfani zai haifar da tsufa na resistor, wanda ke da babban tasiri ga rayuwar kayan lantarki.

Oxidation: Oxidation na resistor jiki zai kara juriya darajar kuma shi ne mafi muhimmanci factor haddasa resistor tsufa.Sai dai gawarwakin resistor da aka yi da ƙarfe masu daraja da gami, duk sauran kayan za su lalace ta hanyar iskar oxygen.Oxidation sakamako ne na dogon lokaci, kuma lokacin da tasirin wasu abubuwan ya ragu sannu a hankali, oxidation zai zama babban mahimmanci, kuma yanayin zafi mai zafi da yanayin zafi mai zafi zai haɓaka iskar oxygenation na resistors.Don madaidaicin juriya da masu tsayayyar ƙimar juriya mai girma, ainihin ma'auni don hana iskar shaka shine kariyar rufewa.Abubuwan rufewa ya kamata su zama kayan da ba a haɗa su ba, kamar ƙarfe, yumbu, gilashi, da sauransu. Tsarin kariyar kwayoyin halitta ba zai iya hana haɓakar danshi gaba ɗaya da ƙarancin iska ba, kuma yana iya taka rawar jinkiri kawai a cikin iskar oxygen da adsorption.

Tsufa na ɗaure: Ga masu tsayayyar roba, tsufa na abin ɗaure shi ne babban abin da ke shafar kwanciyar hankali na resistor.Mai ɗaure kwayoyin halitta yafi guduro na roba, wanda aka canza zuwa polymerized thermosetting polymer sosai ta hanyar maganin zafi yayin aikin masana'anta na resistor.Babban abin da ke haifar da tsufa na polymer shine oxidation.Abubuwan da ke haifar da oxidation na kyauta suna haifar da hinging na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na polymer, wanda ke ƙara warkar da polymer kuma ya sa shi ya lalace, yana haifar da asarar elasticity da lalacewar inji.Maganin mai ɗaure yana haifar da resistor don raguwa a cikin ƙara, yana ƙara matsa lamba tsakanin abubuwan gudanarwa da rage juriya na lamba, yana haifar da raguwar juriya, amma lalacewar inji ga mai ɗaure kuma yana ƙara juriya.Yawancin lokaci curing na mai ɗaure yana faruwa a gabanin, lalacewar injiniya yana faruwa bayan haka, don haka ƙimar juriya na resistors na roba yana nuna alamar da ta biyo baya: wasu raguwa a farkon mataki, sannan juya zuwa karuwa, kuma akwai yanayin karuwa.Tun da tsufa na polymers yana da alaƙa da zafi da haske, masu tsayayyar roba za su hanzarta tsufa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da haske mai ƙarfi.

Tsufa a ƙarƙashin nauyin lantarki: Aiwatar da kaya zuwa resistor zai ƙara saurin tsufa.Karkashin nauyin DC, aikin electrolytic zai iya lalata resistors na bakin ciki.Electrolysis yana faruwa a tsakanin ramummuka na resistor slotted, kuma idan resistor substrate yumbu ko gilashin abu ne mai dauke da ion alkali karfe, ions suna motsawa ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki tsakanin ramummuka.A cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano, wannan tsari yana ci gaba da ƙarfi.

2) Capacitors
Hanyoyin gazawar capacitors sune gajeriyar kewayawa, buɗewar kewayawa, lalata sigogin lantarki (ciki har da canjin ƙarfin aiki, haɓaka tangent na asara da raguwar juriya), ɗigowar ruwa da fasa lalatar gubar.

Gajeren kewayawa: Arc mai tashi a gefen tsakanin sanduna a babban zafin jiki da ƙarancin iska zai haifar da gajeriyar da'ira na capacitors, bugu da ƙari, damuwa na inji kamar girgiza ta waje kuma zai haifar da gajeriyar kewayawar dielectric.

Bude da'ira: Oxidation na gubar wayoyi da na'urorin lantarki da ke haifar da danshi da yanayi mai zafi, wanda ke haifar da rashin isa ga ƙananan matakin da lalata fashewar gubar anode.
Lalacewar sigogin lantarki: Lalacewar sigogin lantarki saboda tasirin yanayi mai ɗanɗano.

2.6 Tsarin kewayawa na matakin allo
Buga kewaye allon ne yafi hada da insulating substrate, karfe wayoyi da kuma haɗa daban-daban yadudduka na wayoyi, solder aka gyara "pads".Babban aikinsa shi ne samar da mai ɗaukar kaya don kayan aikin lantarki, da kuma yin aikin haɗin lantarki da na inji.

Yanayin rashin nasara na allon da'irar da aka buga musamman ya haɗa da siyarwa mara kyau, buɗewa da gajeriyar da'ira, blistering, fashe allon allo, lalata saman allo ko canza launi, lankwasawa allon.